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Biography of Madame Curie
Madame Curie, also known as Marie Skłodowska-Curie, was a renowned physicist and chemist who was born on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland. She was the youngest of five children and grew up in a family that valued education and science. Her father was a teacher of mathematics and physics, and her mother was a headmistress at a girls’ school.
Marie showed exceptional intelligence and an early interest in science, but her path was not easy. In Poland, women were not allowed to attend university, so she had to pursue her education in secret, attending an illegal underground university. After her sister Bronisława moved to Paris to study medicine, Marie followed her and enrolled in the Sorbonne in 1891, where she studied physics, chemistry, and mathematics.
In 1894, Marie met Pierre Curie, a physicist, and they began a scientific collaboration that would lead to their marriage in 1895. Together, they discovered two new elements, polonium and radium, and coined the term “radioactivity.” They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, along with Antoine Henri Becquerel, for their work on radioactivity.
In 1911, Marie won a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry, for her discovery and isolation of pure radium and her work on its properties. She was the first person, and to this day, the only woman to have won two Nobel Prizes in two different fields.
Throughout her life, Marie faced many challenges and discrimination as a woman in science, including being denied membership in the French Academy of Sciences because of her gender. She also faced health problems from her long-term exposure to radiation, which ultimately contributed to her death on July 4, 1934, in Sancellemoz, France.
Marie Skłodowska-Curie’s contributions to science and her pioneering work on radioactivity have had a profound impact on the field of physics and chemistry. Her legacy continues to inspire and encourage women to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
